🎨 Ronnier Skill

色彩科學完整中文筆記 · 給 Claude Code 用的一個「隨身教授」

A Complete Colour Science Knowledge Base as a Claude Code Skill

中文 ｜ English

你以為的「中灰」，其實只反射了 18% 的光。

CIELAB 裡 a* 乘 500、b* 乘 200 —— 那個 2.5 : 1 的比例是 1944 年定下來的，八十年沒人動過。

1976 年 CIE 一口氣推出兩個色空間，不是因為需要兩個，是因為兩派人馬誰也說服不了誰。

色彩科學裡這種事很多。這份筆記就是在講這些。

中文

這是什麼

一份色彩科學／色度學的完整中文學習筆記，包成 Claude Code 的 skill。

裝上之後，你可以直接用中文問：

「亮度跟明度到底差在哪？」
「CIEDE2000 為什麼要有一個旋轉項？」
「L* = 50 的灰，Y 是多少？」
「幫我複習色序系統，我明天考試」
「我要幫賣場選燈，該看什麼指標？」

它會先講這東西在解什麼問題，再給定義和公式 —— 而不是丟一堆式子給你背。

不用 Claude Code 也能用：references/ 底下全部是純 Markdown，直接當一本筆記讀就好。 從 references/README_索引.md 開始。

一鍵安裝

支援 Claude Code、Codex，以及任何讀 AGENTS.md 的工具（Cursor / Windsurf / Cline）。

不確定自己在用哪一個？ INSTALL.md 開頭有一張對照表， 以及每一步的預期畫面與疑難排解（Windows 執行原則、skill 沒觸發、中文亂碼⋯⋯）。

🟣 Claude Code

裝好之後開一個新的 session，問任何色彩學問題就會自動載入， 也可以打 /luo-ming-color-science 手動叫它。

🟢 Codex

同一支腳本加 --codex，會把知識庫放到 ~/.colour-science 並寫進 ~/.codex/AGENTS.md：

# macOS / Linux
curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Ayueh0102/Ronnier-skill/main/install.sh | bash -s -- --codex

# Windows：先下載再帶參數執行
irm https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Ayueh0102/Ronnier-skill/main/install.ps1 -OutFile i.ps1 ; .\i.ps1 -Codex

🔵 Cursor / Windsurf / Cline

clone 進你的專案，然後在規則檔裡指過去：

git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/Ayueh0102/Ronnier-skill.git .colour-science

📖 只想讀筆記

不用裝任何東西 —— references/ 全部是純 Markdown， 從 references/README_索引.md 開始就好。

📘 完整安裝說明（含手動安裝、更新、移除、疑難排解）：INSTALL.md

更新：再跑一次一鍵安裝指令，它會自動偵測並 git pull。

裡面有什麼

📚 20 篇課堂筆記（約 13,000 行）

🔍 6 份彙整檔

為什麼這份跟一般筆記不一樣

1️⃣ 數字都驗算過，不是抄的

教材上的常數，能用邊界條件驗的都驗了。舉個實際抓到的例子：

DIN 6164 的 Darkness Degree 常數，教材印的是 6.1273
   但定義說「D 要以最佳色為原點」→ 最佳色的 D 必須等於 0
   代進去：6.1273 → D = 0.0729  ❌
           6.1723 → D = 0.00003 ✅
   → 是 27 / 72 打反了

00-differences.md 的 F 類列出教材上的印刷錯誤， 其中五個會讓你的程式直接算錯。寫 code 之前建議先看一眼。

2️⃣ 分清楚「考試怎麼寫」跟「實作怎麼做」

課程錄於 2021 年，有些內容已經過時了（例如當時說 CAM16「還沒成為 CIECAM16」， 現在它已經是 CIE 248:2022 了）。所有差異都標明：

課堂上說 X；標準是 Y。考試寫 X，寫程式用 Y。

3️⃣ 教學導向，不是條列式參考書

寫法一律是「先講這東西在解什麼問題，再給定義」。 Skill 的回答風格也照這個走 —— 直接把事情講清楚，不繞路、不考你。

⚠️ 免責聲明

• 這是學生整理的非官方筆記，未經授課教師審閱或背書。
• 內容依循 Ming Ronnier Luo（羅明）教授於 2021 年在台灣科技大學色彩與照明科技研究所 開設的 Applied Color Science 密集課程的架構與觀點整理而成。
• 不含任何課程素材。
• 內容經查證與交叉比對，但錯誤由整理者負責，與教授本人無關。發現錯誤歡迎開 issue。

📂 專案裡有哪些檔案

🤝 想幫忙？

筆記裡少數幾處標有「存疑」—— 那是查不到確定答案、刻意不猜的地方。 如果你手上有原始文獻能確認，非常歡迎開 issue。

要修正或補充內容，請先看 CONTRIBUTING.md —— 裡面說明了 A–H 八類的分類慣例，以及一個重要原則： 「課堂講法」與「標準說法」兩個都要保留，不要因為後者才對就刪掉前者。

📄 授權

若權利人認為本專案有任何不妥，請開 issue 或直接聯繫，我會立即配合處理。

🙏 致謝

感謝 Ming Ronnier Luo（羅明）教授的授課。

這門課把色彩科學講成一個從產業需求出發的故事，而不是一堆公式的集合 —— 他自己就是那個因為「色差公式太多，不知道該用哪個」而跑去做色差研究的人， 後來別人叫他 "Mr. Colour Difference"，他說他覺得很榮幸。

這份筆記想保留的，就是那個講法。

English

What is this?

A complete colour science / colorimetry knowledge base in Traditional Chinese, packaged as a Claude Code skill.

Once installed, just ask:

"What's the difference between luminance and lightness?"
"Why does CIEDE2000 need a rotation term?"
"If L* = 50, what's Y?"
"Quiz me on colour order systems, I have an exam tomorrow"

It explains what problem a thing solves before giving you the definition and the formula — rather than dumping equations on you.

Note on language: the notes themselves are written in Traditional Chinese. The skill can answer in English if you ask in English, but the source material is Chinese.

Don't use Claude Code? Everything under references/ is plain Markdown — just read it as a textbook. Start at references/README_索引.md.

Install

Works with Claude Code, Codex, and anything that reads AGENTS.md (Cursor / Windsurf / Cline).

Not sure which one you're using? INSTALL.md opens with a quick decision table, and includes expected output at each step plus a troubleshooting section (execution policy, skill not triggering, encoding…).

🟣 Claude Code

Then open a new session. It loads automatically when you ask a colour science question, or invoke it with /luo-ming-color-science.

🟢 Codex

Same script with --codex — installs to ~/.colour-science and registers it in ~/.codex/AGENTS.md:

# macOS / Linux
curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Ayueh0102/Ronnier-skill/main/install.sh | bash -s -- --codex

# Windows: download first, then run with the flag
irm https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Ayueh0102/Ronnier-skill/main/install.ps1 -OutFile i.ps1 ; .\i.ps1 -Codex

🔵 Cursor / Windsurf / Cline

Clone into your project, then point your rules file at it:

git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/Ayueh0102/Ronnier-skill.git .colour-science

📖 Just reading

Nothing to install — everything under references/ is plain Markdown.

📘 Full instructions (manual install, updating, uninstalling, troubleshooting): INSTALL.md

To update: run the install command again — it detects an existing install and pulls.

What's inside

20 lecture notes (~13,000 lines) covering:

• CIE colorimetry — measurement geometries, colour matching, XYZ tristimulus values
• Object optics — Snell, Fresnel, Lambert–Beer, Kubelka–Munk
• Instruments & uncertainty — spectrophotometers, physical standards, MCDM, Type A/B errors
• Light sources — colour temperature, D-series, fluorescent, LED
• Colour vision — cone/rod structure, opponent theory, colour deficiency
• Psychophysics — scale types, Weber/Fechner/Stevens, Thurstone, experimental design
• Colour order systems — Munsell, NCS, Ostwald, DIN, OSA-UCS, Coloroid
• Colour difference — CIELAB → CMC → CIE94 → CIEDE2000, parametric effects, S-CIELAB
• Metamerism — the four types, and how to compute the metamerism index properly
• Colour appearance — the seven attributes, CIECAM02, CAM16
• Chromatic adaptation — the five mechanisms, von Kries, CAT02, colour inconstancy
• Colour rendering — CRI, and its successors Rf / Rg / Color Vector Graphic

Plus 6 reference files: a formula index, a terminology-disambiguation guide, a "lecture vs. standard" discrepancy table, a glossary, a literature map, and distilled primary sources.

What makes it different

Every constant was verified, not copied. Where a boundary condition could check a number, it was checked. For example:

DIN 6164's darkness-degree constant is printed as 6.1273 in the course material.
But the definition says D is measured from the optimal colour → D must be 0 there.
   6.1273  →  D = 0.0729   ✗
   6.1723  →  D = 0.00003  ✓
   → digits transposed

The discrepancy table lists 20 errors found in the source material, five of which will silently break your code if you copy them.

It separates "what to write in the exam" from "what to use in production." The course was recorded in 2021 and some of it has aged — CAM16 has since become CIECAM16 (CIE 248:2022), for instance. Every such gap is flagged both ways.

It teaches, rather than lists. Every topic starts with the problem it exists to solve.

⚠️ Disclaimer

These are unofficial student notes, not reviewed or endorsed by the instructor.

The content follows the structure and perspective of the Applied Color Science intensive course taught by Prof. Ming Ronnier Luo at the Graduate Institute of Colour and Illumination Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, in 2021.

No course materials are included or distributed.

Content has been cross-checked and verified, but any errors are the compiler's responsibility, not the instructor's. Issues and corrections welcome.

📂 What's in this repo

🤝 Contributing

A handful of details could not be confirmed against primary sources. Rather than guess, they are marked as uncertain in place. If you can settle any of them, please open an issue.

See CONTRIBUTING.md for the classification convention (categories A–H) and one important rule: both "what was taught" and "what the standard says" are kept — don't delete the former just because the latter is correct.

📄 Licence

If any rights holder considers anything here inappropriate, please open an issue or get in touch and it will be addressed immediately.

🙏 Acknowledgement

Thanks to Prof. Ming Ronnier Luo for the course.

He turned colour science into a story that starts from industrial need rather than a pile of equations — fittingly, he got into colour difference research in the first place because "there were too many colour difference formulae and nobody knew which one to use." People call him "Mr. Colour Difference", and he says he's honoured.

That way of telling it is what these notes try to preserve.